Comments: PAK *ʎa-; the root with a suffix *-ta- is used also for 'to fly' in Kab., 'to fly up' in Ad. Further etymology is unclear (Shagirov 1, 250 relates it to *ʎa 'foot' which is dubious).
Comments: PAT *š́a-ṗǝ (-ṗǝ the same as in *na-ṗǝ 'hand'). PAT *š́a 'foot' is frequent in compounds (*š́a-xʷa 'shin', *š́a-mǝqA 'knee', *š́a-cʷǝ 'toe' etc.). Cf. also the preverb *š́a-/*š́ǝ- 'from the foot, on the foot'. The root is employed also in PAT *š́a-ta (Abkh. á-š́ata, Abaz. š́ata) 'root' ('foot part').
PAK *ʎa-q:ʷá; meaning of the element -q:ʷa is not quite clear (possible interpretations see in Шагиров 1, 246). The root is used also separately in Kab. ʎa 'foot' and in a lot of compounds (*ʎa-pádǝ 'stocking', *ʎa-gʷá(n)ža 'knee', *ʎa-sǝ́ 'barefooted' etc.).
In Ub. -ṗa = PAT *-ṗǝ. Cf. also ʎa in compounds (ʎa-ṗc̣ǝ 'barefooted', ʎa-q̇á (á-ʎaq̇a) 'trace, footprint' etc.). See Trubetzkoy 1922, 188-189, Шагиров 1, 246. Note that despite Lomtatidze (1966, 157-158, 161) the PAK *-q:ʷa has nothing to do with PAT *-ṗǝ and Ub. -ṗa.
Comments: PAT *š́ǝ-ta- (with unclear glottalization in Abaz.); the element *-ta- may be possibly identified with the locative verbal stem *-ta- 'to be (inside)'. In AK (PAK *ʎǝ-) and Ub. this root is used only with locative preverbs (cf. Kab. jǝ-ʎǝ-n 'lie within', Ub. bʁ́a-ʎǝ- 'lie upon' etc.). In Ub. the root is confined to the plural (being the collective counterpart of -sǝ- q.v.).
The transitive meaning ("to put") is not attested in the verbal paradigm, but there are some nominal derivates which have preserved it: cf. Kab. ʎa 'place' (*'place to put smth.'), Ub. ʎa-šʷá 'sheath, case' ("place (-šʷa) to put smth. in").
Comments: PAT *š́:ǝ- (with expressive gemination; the non-geminated form *š́ǝ is used only in compounds, cf., e.g., Abkh. á-kʷ-š́-ra 'to run one's hand over smth.' etc.); PAK *ʎǝ-. Cf. also the stem *ʎa- in Kab. da-ʎa-n 'to stroke, to rub'.
Comments: PAK *š́:a- (cf. Bzhed. š́:a-n id.); Ub. á-s-śa-n. See Abdokov 1973, 76, Shagirov 2, 146 (although PAT *šʷa- 'to pay' does not correspond regularly to the PAK and Ub. forms, and should rather be compared with Ub. šʷa 'price' - see under PNC *maśwĔ).
Comments: PAT *xǝ (cf. also Bzyb. x-pa); PAK *š́:ǝ 'three' (cf. also Bzhed. š́:ǝ), *š́:a 'thrice' (Ad. š́a, Bzhed. š́:a, Kab. śa). The correspondence PAT *x : PAK *š́: : Ub. ś reflects only PWC *ʎ:.
Comments: PAT *š́ǝ-qa (cf. also Bz. á-š́χa); PAK *ʎa-ɣá; Ub. def. á-ʎaxa. In all three subgroups the root is present only within compounds: in PAT cf. *qA 'head'; in PAK the second part may be related to *bɣǝ 'mountain'; in Ub. it goes back to *xʷA 'mountain, hill'. See Шагиров 1, 244-245 with literature.
